Reversibility of cardiac fibrosis in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, under specific chemotherapy

This investigation was performed to verify the effect of specific chemotherapy (Benznidazole or MK-346) on the inflammatory and fibrotic cardiac alterations in mice chronically infected with the strains 21 SF (Type II) and Colombian (Type III) of Trypanosoma cruzi. To obtain chronically infected mice, two groups of 100 Swiss mice each, were infected with either the 21 SF or the Colombian strain (2x 10***4 and 5x 10***4 blood forms respectively). The rate of morality in the acute phase was of 80% for both groups. Twenty surviving mice chronically infected with the 21 SF strain and 20 with the Colombian strain were then divided in treated and untreated groups. Excluding those that died during the course of treatment, 14 mice chronically infected with the 21 SF strain and 15 with the Colombian strain were evaluated in the present study. Chemotherapy was performed with Benznidazole (N-benzil-2-nitro-1-imidazolacetamide) in the dose of 100mg/k.b.w/day, for 60 days, or with the MK-436(3(1-methyl-5 nitroimidazol-2-yl) in two daily doses of 250 mg/k.b.w, for 20 days. Parasitological cure tests were performed (xenodiagnosis, haemoculture, subinovulation of the blood into newborn mice), and serological indirect immunofluorescence test. The treated and untreated mice as well as intact controls were killed at different periods after treatment and the heart were submitted to histopathological study with hematoxilineosin and picrosirius staining; ultrastructural study; collagen immunotyping, fibronectin and laminin identification by immunofluorescence tests. Results: the untreated controls either infected with 21 SF or Colombian strain, showed inflammatory and fibrotic alterations that were mild to moderate with the 21 SF strain and intense with the Colombian strain. Redpicrosirius staining showed bundles of collagen in the interstitial space and around cardiac fibers. Increased deposits of mitritial components and collagen fibers, macrophages and fibroblasts appeared at the ultrastructural examination. Deposits of fibronectin, laminin, pro-III and IV collagens were seen, most intense in those infected with the Colombian strain. Treated mice, parasitologically cured, presented clear-cut regression of the inflamatory lesions and of the interstitial matrix thickening. Mice infected with the Colombian strain and treated with MK-436, was parasitologically cured in 5/6 cases and showed mild inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis. The mice treated with Benznidazole (Colombia

Cell-matrix interactions in Schistosomal portal fibrosis: a dynamic event

In recent years, one of the most significant progress in the understanding of liver diseases was the demonstration that liver fibrosis is a dynamic process resulting from a balance between synthesis and degradation of several matrix components, collagen in particular. Thus, fibrosis has been found to be a very early event during liver diseases, be it of toxic, viral or parasitic origin, and to be spontaneously reversible, either partially or totally. In liver fibrosis cell matrix interactions are dependent on the existence of the many factors (sometimes acting in combination) which produce the same events at the cellular and molecular levels. These events are: (i) the recruitment of fiber-producing cells, (ii) their proliferation, (iii) the secretion of matrix constituents of the extracellular matrix, and (iv) the remodeling and degradation of the newly formed matrix. All these events represent, at least in principle, a target for a therapeutic intervention aimed at influencing the experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis. In this context, hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is of particular interest, being an immune cell-mediated granulomatous disease and a model of liver fibrosis allowing extensive studies in human and animals as well as providing original in vitro models.

Chronic murine myocarditis due to Trypanosoma cruzi: an ultrastructural study and immunochemical characterization of cardiac interstitial matrix

Utilizando o modelo experimental do camundongo, foi realizado um estudo sorológico, histopatológico e ultraestrutural bem como a imunotipagem do colágeno na matriz conjuntiva do miocárdio em camundongos suiços cronicamente infectados com as cepas 21 SF e Mambaí (Tipo II) PMN e Bolívia (Tipo III) por períodos de 154 a 468 dias. Os testes sorológicos e de imunofluorescência indireta mostraram altos títulos de anticorpos específicos. O estudo estrutural definiu melhor a constituiçäo celular do infiltrado inflamatório, mostrando a predominância de monócitos e de macrófagos com intensa atividade fagocítica, fibroblastos em atividade de síntese e miofibroblastos bem como abundante matriz colagênica sugerindo uma associaçäo entre o processo inflamatório e fibrogênese na cardiomiopatia chagásica crônica. A imunotipagem do colágeno mostrou a predominância dos tipos III e IV. Alteraçöes dos capilares sangüíneos e de arteríolas e sua dissociaçäo das miocélulas, pelo infiltrado inflamatório, se relacionam com alteraçöes ultraestruturais em miocélulas cardíacas näo parasitadas. Havia intensificaçäo do processo inflamatório em áreas focais correspondentes à rotura de fibras cardíacas parasitadas. Os achados do presente trabalho sugerem que o modelo do camundongo é adequado para o estudo dos mecanismos patogênicos na doença de Chagas, pela utilizaçäo de cepas do T. cruzi com baixa virulência e alta patogenicidade